The Importance of Adam Smiths Work to Economic Thought Essay -- Adam

The Importance of Adam Smiths Work to Economic ThoughtAdam Smith is widely regarded as the father of stintings as a social science, and is perhaps best known for his work The Wealth of Nations. Throughout this work Smith states and informs towards his belief that society is not at its most copious when ruled over by rules and limitations with regards to trade, and that in order for markets to maximise prosperity, a free trade environment should be made accessible. In this essay I intend to asses the way in which many of Smiths theories taken directly form his works can be applied to past and current situations, showtime from an economic then social, and then a political point of view. I will also outline some of Smiths major theories on market determining factors, much(prenominal) as supply and demand, and the labour theory of value, with focus on how these theories can be applied to current day situations, demonstrating the strength of his works.I believe it is first important to mention that Smith was raised in a market environment in which Mercantilism was regarded as the most positive policy with which to increment a countries wealth. This theory is based upon the idea that a countries assets are a measure of its prosperity as a nation, and so therefore was often use using such policies as high rates of exports, and low rates of imports. In order to ensure this low rate of imports tariffs were often imposed on goods entering the country. Adam Smith was one of the first men to voice his opinions on this mercantile system, stating that the policies were flawed, and that assets and wealth were not good measures of a countries prosperity, and that in fac... ...cy.I dont believe that without Smith, economics would not exist, but I do feel it would lack in much of its transferability between past and groundbreaking day scenarios.Referenceshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilismhttp//w ww.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/wealth_nations.html - Shopping trolley example of invisible handhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_labourBibliographyhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercantilismhttp//www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/wealth_nations.html - Shopping trolley example of invisible handhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_labourCanterbury E R A History of Economic Thought, Penguin, London 1991Dowd D Capitalism and Economics, Pluto, London 1995Smith A The Wealth of Nations, Dswavid Campbell Publishers 1991

The Female Martyr of Nineteenth Century Literature :: Literature Literary

The Female Martyr of Nineteenth Century Literature The literature of the nineteenth coulomb is abundant with stories about children dying, partially because it was common for people to die upstart. One of the most popular forms of the dying child in literature is the sick person, who is almost ever female. During the nineteenth century, white men held virtually all of the power in American society. The only way female characters could obtain power was through superiority in death, but white males already had power and thus had nothing to gain by dying. The image of the pure girl who sacrifices herself for the sake of another seems very positive at first glance. However, this figure perpetuates the notion that girls should be selfless rather than portray selflessness as a desirable characteristic for any morally upright human being, it is portrayed as a suitable characteristic for women. The female is supposedly the moral center of society, so she is the character who sacrifices herself for others. The martyr figure is a role model for all good girls to follow, while boys have brave heroes to look up to. Barbara Welter notes the death of a young girl was so celebrated as a triumph of beauty and innocence that a whole ritual grew up around it (11), but she doesnt fully explain why the death of a young girl was so captivating to Americans of the time. The martyr is the ideal woman who will sacrifice herself for others, and in death she attains more importance than she ever could in life. The only way a woman could obtain any substantial degree of power in nineteenth century America was if she was dead. Because a martyrs worth is only proven in death, this figure is the perfect role model to call down the sexist ideologies of that society because it encourages women to be good but denies them tangible power. My Heroine My Heroineis a poem about a seven year-old girl who dies while protecting a baby. The author praises the child fo r her constancy at school, and reports that she is never careless, never dull. Of course, the child wouldnt be a proper martyr if she wasnt also as sweet as any seven years child youll meet.

If There Were a Draft :: essays research papers

If There Were a DraftIt is complicated not to intelligently discuss the future of our military meshing with Iraq without the notion of a draft to arise. Although our presidential candidates and other government officials shun the issue of a draft and avidly display their negativity towards the idea, it is a executable inquiry to ponder. What if there is indeed a draft? I, being a 16 year old student, know that if there ever is such a military draft, my discovericular age range would be in target for a good thirteen or fourteen years. I have contemplated the theoretic scenario of myself, many years from now, being a mere 19-year old boy, opening a letter that summons me to take part in duty for my untaught what would I do?I can imagine myself opening that letter, and the feel of my young heart sinking into my chest. I am not made for war. I am not even made for football. I am not political and I certainly am not pro-war. I would see this cry (out) to arms as a call for the wors t. Our country has finally had to fall upon scooping those who did not enlist out of there homes and into the arms of the great American motorcar of violence and destruction. Ultimately, I believe, there would be nothing for me to do. I would go. What are my other options? I would never leave or hide away. Whether it was legal or not, I would not run from a draft. Although I would never enlist, if my country asked me to go overseas, I believe that I would. I would go because there is a great deal of respect earned in becoming part of the military. In the long run, it would be much more beneficial to take part in it rather to run from it. To run, I feel, would be cowardly. Although I would be terrified, I would still go.

Boot Camps and Juvenile Crime Essay -- Juvenile Crime Boot Camps Incar

Boot Camps and Juvenile offensiveFive years ago, responding to an increase in serious new-fangled crime, the state of Maryland initiated one of the nations largest boot camping programs for teenage criminals. The program, called the Leadership Challenge, quickly became the model for other states. But last week, after reviewing a task force report that documented instances of physical handle at their camps, Maryland officials appeargond on the verge of conceding that the current initiative was a failure. Military-style discipline may work as punishment at youthful boot camps, but it has not been effective as rehabilitation. The Maryland experience, together with problems in other states, has already led some states to close their boot camps and evening to rethink how their penal laws embrace young offenders. All in all, it is a remarkable turn of events for an idea that was once greeted as a breakthrough in the fight against juvenile crime There is increasing evidence that boot camps never worked. A national study last year by the Koch Crime Institute, a public policy group in Topeka, Kan., showed that recidivism among boot camp attendees ranged from 64 percent to 75 percent, slightly higher than for youths sentenced to adult prisons. Gerald Wells, a senior(a) research associate at the Koch Institute, said of the report, The shocking parts are the allegations of abuse, but the more alarming parts are the failures. Research has also shown, match to Mr. Wells and other penal justice experts, that these camps were grounded in a false and unexamined assumption. People thought boot camps shaped up a lot of servicemen during iii wars, Mr. Wells added. But just because you place someone in a highly structured environment with discipline, does not mean once they get home, and are out of that, they will be model citizens. Boot camps have their roots in the 1970s, with the advent of large, well-organized and extremely violent street gangs. In response to these g roups, legion(predicate) states began to imprison more young raft. By the 1990s, as the number of repeat juvenile offenders rose to record levels, it became clear that prison sentences were not working. In 1994, just about 10,000 juveniles were charged with criminal offenses, an all-time high. More than 2,300 of them were charged with murder, compared with fewer than 1,000 in 1980, according to th... ...and they also need to learn respect, self-respect, discipline and a new focussing of conducting themselves in society, Ms. Townsend said. Facilities that provide structure and discipline can be run effectively and have a role in our fight after juvenile crime. Many experts disagree, citing the expense of running such programs properly. Its a budget issue, said Doris Mackenzie, a University of Maryland criminology professor. They are popular in the public, people feel we should treat these kids tough, and everyone can get onto the bandwagon, she said. But when it comes to this ex tra expense of doing the follow-up, we find, the money is not there. In any case, juvenile crime has been falling since 1994, after an overall return in the nations juvenile population. This will make it highly unlikely, say political observers, that voters will agree to pay for individualized rehabilitation. Much more likely, they say, is that the 27,000 young people who once went to boot camp each year will instead be sent to prison. As bad as boot camps have turn up to be, Mr. Wells added, once you start incarcerating kids, you have lost. But unfortunately, that is where we seem headed.

Slavery in Latin America Essay -- Latin American History Slavery Essay

Slavery in Latin America chilly History Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th cent., the Araucanians had considerable been in control of the land in the southern part of the region in the north, the inhabitants were ru take by the Inca empire. Diego de Almagro, who was sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru to explore the southern region, led a party of men through the Andes into the central lowlands of Chile but was un booming (1536) in establishing a foothold there. In 1540, Pedro de Valdivia marched into Chile and, despite audacious resistance from the Araucanians, founded Santiago (1541) and later established La Serena, Concepcin, and Valdivia. After an initial period of incessant state of warfare with the natives, the Spanish succeeded in subjugating the indigenous population.Although Chile was subfusc to the Spanish because of its isolation from Peru to the north and its lack of precious metals (copper was disc overed much later), the Spanish developed a pastoral soci ety there based on large ranches and haciendas worked by indigenous people the yields were shipped to Peru. During the long colonial era, the mestizos became a tenant farmer class, called inquilinos although technically free, approximately were in practice bound to the soil.During most of the colonial period Chile was a captaincy general dependent upon the viceroyalty of Peru, but in 1778 it became a separate division virtually independent of Peru. territorial reserve limits were ill-defined and were the cause, after independence, of long-drawn-out boundary disputes with Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The movement toward independence began in 1810 under the leadership of Juan Martnez de Rozas and Bernardo OHiggins. The first phase (1810-14) ended in defeat at Rancagua, largely because of the rivalry of OHiggins with Jos Miguel Carrera and his brothers. In 1817, Jos de San Martn, with incredible hardship, brought an army over the Andes from Argentina to Chile. The following year he w on the decisive battle of Maip over the Spaniards.The New Nation OHiggins, who had been chosen supreme director, formally proclaimed Chiles independence Feb. 12, 1818, at Talca and established a military autocracy that characterized the republics politics until 1833 OHiggins ruled Chile from 1818 until 1823, when strong opposition to his policies forced him to resign. During this time the Britis... ... an underdeveloped country met with little success, although great personal fortunes were amassed from tin mining by tycoons such as Simn I. Patio.Conflicting claims to the Chaco, which was thought to be oil-rich, brought on yet another disastrous territorial war, this time with Paraguay (1932-35). The fighting ended in 1935 with both nations exhausted and Bolivia overcome and stripped of most of its claims in that area. Programs for curing the ills of the nation were hampered by military coups and countercoups. World War II proved a boon to the Bolivian sparing by increasing demand s for tin and wolframite. International pressure over pro-German elements in the government eventually forced Bolivia to break relations with the Axis and declare war (1943).Rising prices aggravated the restiveness of the miners over miserable working conditions strikes were brutally suppressed. The crisis reached a peak in Dec., 1943, when the nationalistic, pro-miner National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) engineered a successful revolt. The regime, however, was not recognized by other American nations (except Argentina) until 1944, when pro-Axis elements in the MNR were officially removed.

Slavery in Latin America Essay -- Latin American History Slavery Essay

Slavery in La pot AmericaChile History onward the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th cent., the Araucanians had long been in control of the land in the southern part of the region in the north, the inhabitants were ruled by the Inca empire. Diego de Almagro, who was sent by Francisco Pizarro from Peru to explore the southern region, led a party of men through the Andes into the central lowlands of Chile but was unsuccessful (1536) in establishing a foothold there. In 1540, Pedro de Valdivia marched into Chile and, despite stout resistance from the Araucanians, founded Santiago (1541) and later established La Serena, Concepcin, and Valdivia. After an initial period of incessant state of war with the natives, the Spanish succeeded in subjugating the indigenous population.Although Chile was unattractive to the Spanish because of its isolation from Peru to the north and its lack of precious metals (copper was discovered much later), the Spanish developed a pastoral society there based on large ranches and haciendas worked by indigenous people the yields were shipped to Peru. During the long colonial era, the mestizos became a tenant farmer class, called inquilinos although technically free, most were in practice bound to the soil.During most of the colonial period Chile was a captaincy general dependent upon the viceroyalty of Peru, but in 1778 it became a separate division virtually independent of Peru. Territorial limits were ill-defined and were the cause, after independence, of long-drawn-out boundary disputes with Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The movement toward independence began in 1810 under the leadership of Juan Martnez de Rozas and Bernardo OHiggins. The beginning phase (1810-14) ended in defeat at Rancagua, largely because of the rivalry of OHiggins with Jos Miguel Carrera and his brothers. In 1817, Jos de San Martn, with incredible hardship, brought an army over the Andes from Argentina to Chile. The following year he won the decisive battle of Ma ip over the Spaniards.The New Nation OHiggins, who had been chosen supreme director, formally proclaimed Chiles independence Feb. 12, 1818, at Talca and established a military autocracy that characterized the republics politics until 1833 OHiggins ruled Chile from 1818 until 1823, when strong opposition to his policies oblige him to resign. During this time the Britis... ... an underdeveloped country met with little success, although great personal fortunes were amassed from tin mining by tycoons such as Simn I. Patio.Conflicting claims to the Chaco, which was thought to be oil-rich, brought on yet another disastrous territorial war, this time with Paraguay (1932-35). The armed combat ended in 1935 with both nations exhausted and Bolivia defeated and stripped of most of its claims in that area. Programs for curing the ills of the nation were hampered by military coups and countercoups. World War II proved a boon to the Bolivian economy by increasing demands for tin and wolframite . International pressure over pro-German elements in the government eventually forced Bolivia to break relations with the Axis and declare war (1943).Rising prices aggravated the restiveness of the miners over miserable working conditions strikes were brutally suppressed. The crisis reached a peak in Dec., 1943, when the nationalistic, pro-miner National Revolutionary Movement (MNR) engineered a successful revolt. The regime, however, was not recognized by other American nations (except Argentina) until 1944, when pro-Axis elements in the MNR were officially removed.

Where to Build a Wind Farm?

In my opinion, the best place to build a arise farm in Cumbria is off the shore of Allonby. This is because it has a lot of advantages which suit it, for being the best place to build a wind farm as of its location and ingenious ideology behind it. Moreover, it is an offshore wind farm, which means that it impart benefit a lot of homes, as at the sea it is extremely windy. Thus, a lot of electricity is generated, providing a lot of electricity than usual. However, some wad would say that, because it is near a town, itll be very noisy and distracting to tourists and residents, and will even be an eyesore. On the contrary, the wind farm will be 3 metres away from the land, so on that point is the least possibility of noise defilement and intervention. Furthermore, some people think that wind farms are quite attractive to look at and would be inquisitive just about them when going on holiday. This would sour more tourists to Allonby and make it more popular are helps the economy by bringing more jobs to Allonby such as information centre employees. This would educate the future(a) generations to elaborate more of wind efficiency and alternative sources, to help the worlds situation.Also, being it the sea, there is a lot of space to build a wind farm, as there are no other possible variables that could affect it and the decision to build a wind farm would be eliminated. However, there is the smother of it being in the sea so there is the business of accessing the wind farm in the first place, if any problems arise with it. If something occurred and there was no way of fixing it as it is in the sea, then the homes and appliances relying on this wind energy, would be with extinct power and would be very disappointed a major problem.Notwithstanding, this issue tummy be sorted out, as it is accessible by either a boat or a helicopter to try and sort the problem out. However, it wont be perfect, and sometimes issues may arise, so the government needs to t hink of other ways of access. In addition, the next best survival of the fittest to build a wind farm would have been, Caldbeck Fells. This is because, it had a lot of advantages as Allonby, however it had some minor points which proved it to be less estimable and eliminated it. Firstly, Caldbeck Fells is on high exposed land which means there is a lot of wind available, which flowerpot power a lot of homes in Cumbria and electrical appliances.Also, it is a remote area, meaning no one will be perturbed or disturbed by it and it will prove beneficial. Exceedingly, it is accessible by res publica lanes, so if something goes wrong, the maintenance team fag access it by car. However, a major factor let it down, which was the fact that it is just outside a discipline park, and a national park is preserved for outstanding natural beauty. People say that, if a wind farm were to be built here, then people would be repelled by it and will not choose to visit it and it may mean the ob struction of birds, wildlife, ecosystems and scenery.However, to reiterate some people may like the thinking of watching wind farms, as evidence in Scotland suggests that 8 out of 10 people have said, they would want to find out more about it. Also, it would have made the National Park more popular. Unfortunately, in my opinion, it may be a disadvantage to the fact of, that it may upset ecosystems and wildlife so galore(postnominal) ornithologists, animal welfare support groups may protest, demolishing the request to build. Additionally, there were many sites that couldve qualified for wind farm building, but had a lot of ostracise factors.Some sites have a lot of space to build wind farms and have a lot of wind availability, so a lot of electricity deal be generated like Burgh by Sands. However, it has marshland, and a wind farm cannot be built as of its instability and it is close to a city (Carlisle) which means that, it can possibly disturb tourism activity or increase it, a nd create noise problems. Also, it would obstruct birds, ecosystems and plants. Besides, Anthorn was on the coast and had some roads, so cars can bring in through for maintenance, however it had some radio masts and it would interfere with radio signals and be an additional eyesore. Moreover, Skiddaw couldve had the winning chance, but some factors limited it. It had high ground and softwood of spaces, as there were essentially no buildings and it would not affect anyone in terms of noise, as it was on a high mountain. However, it is part of the Lake District and the far-famed town Bassenthwaite is next to it and it can be very unattractive. However, as it being closer to a town, it can provide jobs. Albeit, it cannot be accessible to any transport, as it will be high on a mountain but a helicopter can be the solution.However, the problem cannot be sorted out as thorough. Wind energy is an excellent alternative energy source, as it doesnt harm the environment it just uses wind t o drive the turbines, which spin around to drive the generator to generate electricity. As for crude petroleum and fossil fuels, they are running out and also harm the environment. However, this clean energy can very easily be generated. UK has a lot of wind energy up in its highlands, so is ideal for this and wind energy on mediocre provides 2200 GW of energy which is essential for homes, rather than power stations.However, there is not enough land sometimes or not enough wind to drive these turbines which can create an issue and powerless homes sometimes. So, the government is planning to build offshore wind farms 3 metres off land, which are ideal as here is incessantly a lot of wind, generating lots of electricity. It would be ideal to choose offshore wind energy rather than expensive crude oil, as wind energy is renewable and affordable in means of one erected wind turbine can power thousands of homes, and is renewable so will not run out.Coastal wind farms, also increase t ourist activity and are known as peaceful. Momentarily, there is a lot of issue over global warming and crude oil running out. There are issues of sustaining wind power stations in the UK. In my opinion, I believe that, offshore wind farms are the way anterior for UK as it will not be any obstruction. However, the government may want to look into other alternatives such as geothermal energy, tidal flutter energy as of a lot of coastal areas. Also, the issue of nuclear power can be looked into, however it may hazardous if something wrong occurs.

International Marketing Research Essay

1. Identification of Case IssuesBase your issues on theoretical international ethics concepts. As the international marketing manager, what atomic number 18 the estimable issues to be shooted in this case? Use journals to help give your response depthThe report aims at entryway the new fair trade hot chocolate brand Mars, and analysing the current honorable understanding of the Nipponese marketing environment. The business viewed the honest issue which child slaveholding has created an unhonorable comparative advantage, and the current market for chocolate lies in the ethical ruin (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). The result of the influence of fair-trade foods among japanese shows that the participants in japan do the ethical purchasing in observable condition much more than the anonymous condition (Kimura et al., 2012 Swaidan, 2012). The ethical purchasing of observable condition is about that about qualification products in an environment where there is no child abuse or child labour, that is environmentally conscious and where there is a survey placed on workers and their safety (Nicholls and Opal, 2005 Impact of adverse scotch shocks on the Indian child labour market and the schooling of children of poor households, 2012).Furthermore, the report claimed that is not only the purchasers engagement of ethical fair deal, but also the corporation participations impact on fair trade as well especially under the magnetic core of the global economic recession, businesses have great potential to benefit or threaten at the market (Lynch, 2012 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies,2011 Reed, 2009). According to the report of Swaidan (2012), Japan has suffered painful economic recession and a series of corporate misconducts and scandals over the last decade. In the meantime, peoples interests in business ethics and corporate social state have remarkably increased (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). There are many similarities exist between Japanese and American managers which including the respective views on corporate social responsibility and unethical business practices (Tae and Nakano, 2008). Thus the marketing strategy should to consider the nations business ethical understandings.Furthermore, according to a personal perspective, the correct ethical behaviour differs, which includes the relativist, utilitarian, and Universalist perspectives and based on socio-economic status (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 Lynch, 2012). It states a market where corruption is an issue as Japan ranked eighteenth on the subversive activity Perception Index of major emerging markets (Tae and Nakano, 2008 Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). In Japan, the primarily views business ethics are by means of relativist and utilitarian perspectives (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 Nicolas and Gittens, 2010).It will evoke the previous ethical perspectives when business markets a fair trade product to the Japanese. The ethical behaviour differs across nation s, influenced by popular attachments to governments, popular tailoreds, level of economic development, relative coat of public sector, low income for public servants, obscure legal and semipolitical environments, high level of government control and state ownership (Kimura et al., 2012 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 Swaidan, 2012). Moreover, according to Hofstedes quartette cultural dimensions, Japan outranks all separate countries in the measure of masculinity (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Hence, the marketing strategy must cater to the nations business ethical behaviours, and cultural dimensions facing fair trade products.2. Formulation of substitute(a)s or possible solutions with respect As the International marketing manager what are some alternative solutions, based on an ethical platform? Use journals to musical accompaniment your alternatives.Mars first entered the Asian market with a marketing strategy of sponsoring and becoming the prescribed snack food of the 19 90 Asian Games in Beijing (McElhatton, 2012). In addition, it claims that Mars has a legacy for aggressive instincts in international expansion, entering the Eastern European markets after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Allen, 2010). These movements lead to factories being opened in the Asian markets to better understand the national environments, and it is the solid earthing for Mars to target and market the Japanese market which it was successful in combining investment with community activities to relay positive company behaviour in the political environment (McElhatton, 2012). Additionally, it proved that a link exists in successful brands between company ethical and social requirements, and the companys commitment to defend consumer rights and interests (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011 Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011).Thus, Mars must show it is not only has corporate social responsibility but its interest in the rights of its consumers, in order to market a new fair trade brand of chocolate in Japan (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Further, the right for Mars consumers to have access to chocolate is fair trade that gives added comfort and competitive price (Allen, 2011). From the perspective of economies, fair trade marketing may be successful if it is existed that consumers whose additional willingness to pay for fair trade products are great than the additional marginal costs (Lynch, 2012). However, the consumers who felt greatly affected by the global recession yet want to consume ethically, marketers must deliver value without compromising these social values (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011).The report confirmed that the Japanese expect companies to stand behind their product well after a sale is made. They are not particularly price conscious, but rather rely on intrust (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 McElhatton, 2012). Moreover, there are restraining forces in the market such as political systems, legal requirements, cultural norms and economic development, that hinder the free flow of fair trade in the market (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). In Japan, it is not simply enough to support the goods, but marketing mix is more important to the Japanese consumers who demand the after-sale services on financial resources, and the weakness of service is not tolerated in the Japanese market (Slavery involved in food production, 2008 Swaidan, 2012 Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, the benefits of lowering 20 percent tariff of chocolate imports in Japan which is almost iii times of the USA levy on imported candy (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 Reed, 2007).The chocolate potential market for Mars grows as the high tariff is getting lowered, and allowing a new fair trade chocolate brand greater entry. If Japan is a significant leader in the Asian region drops its tariff, Korea as the other major potential market may follow (Allen, 2011 Tae and Nakano, 200 8). Japanese have their own take on Valentines Day which is a big chocolate buying frenzy (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). Gifts of chocolate from women to men on St Valentines Day have become a subtle key to gender empowerment in Japan.In Japan, women nationwide buy chocolates for their male co-workers rather than husbands and loved ones (Lewis, 1995). With this custom, women have successfully monopolized the means of socially defining chocolate, which is a large promoter for the industry. be a custom based on culture, chocolate sales in Japan on Valentines Day continue to increase as drinking chocolate prices soar. It means that the duty is expanding, which could offer the new opportunities for an ethical fair trade choice in the region (Allen, 2011 Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Thus, marketing to the Japanese based on custom rather than the individual consumer is advised.3. Recommendation or choice of solutionMake a stand. What would you do as the International marketing manager fo r this company, based on an ethical platform? What are you going to recommend to the board?First of all, Japan is a rapidly growing market where corruption is an issue. The stakeholders should be the focus, and holistic and corporate social responsibility marketing is a strategic consideration (Tae and Nakano, 2008 Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). The chocolate company Mars is recommended to use value-based labelling in order to increase consumer sentience of the brand. Moreover, individuals motivations from extrinsic social factors such as reputation-enhancing opportunities should be moulded around brand appearance and marketing strategy, which is rely on the product add value to the consumer thereby further building and maintaining the loyalty of the consumers (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Secondly, a market-oriented solution is best for entering and marketing a fair trade chocolate brand in Japan, because Japan is a viable market to launch a brand, currently ranked third in world GDP (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011 Tyler, 2012).The chocolate company Mars should consider about the ownership attributes, the location attributes and the internalisation for market entry (McElhatton, 2012). Mars could use the host marketers for the purpose of launching the market strategy from within the domestic environment. Furthermore, Mars could report the ethical practises to consumers which include ethical initiatives such as discontinuing marketing to children under age 12, and it is rely on brand integrity through Mars philosophy of mutuality of benefits for all stakeholders (Reed, 2007). It might offset distribution regulations and prevent ethical, legal and cross-cultural misunderstanding in brand marketing and procession (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011).Thirdly, Countries differ greatly in their ethical standards and consumer expectations (Tae and Nakano, 2008). In Japans poli tical system, dominant economic interests caused deep changes, so in the other word, Japan is the very embodiment of stability (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, as approximately ten percent of sales are from the Australasian region, Mars success has resulted from a simply philosophy go where the consumer economy is growing and the consumer is our boss. (McElhatton, 2012 Tyler, 2012). Thus, the assessment predicts a minor political could impact of the new product brand and low transaction cost (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011).Last but not least, Japan has greater equality of incomes between higher and lower incomes and market incomes (Kimura et al., 2012). This is ever more present as Japanese consumer social awareness grows and the distance is shortened between company and customer, due to communication advancements (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). The chocolate company Mars could potentially take a large market segment by marketing a CSR strategy in this high-incom e country via differentiation (Allen, 2011). Besides, the growth of e-commerce has diminished national barriers, thus ad campaigns directed at the Japanese market can be optimised online (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011 McElhatton, 2012).ReferencesAllen, L.L. (2011). Chocolate fortunes the battle for the hearts, minds, and wallets of Chinese consumers. Retrieved from http//site.ebrary.com.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/lib/qut/docDetail.action?doID=10342364 Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N., & Tencati, A. (2011). The missing link between corporate responsibility and consumer trust the case of fair trade products. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 1-15. doi 10.1007/s10551-008-9669-4 Fletcher, R., & Crawford, H. (2011). International marketing an Asia-Pacific perspective 5th edition. Frenchs Forest, NSW Pearson Australia. Kimura, A., Mukawa, N., Yamamoto, M., Masuda, T., Yuasa, M., Goto, S., Oka, T., & Wada, Y. (2012). The influence of reputational concerns on purchase intention of fair-trad e foods among Japanese adults. Food Quality and Preference, 26(2), 204-210.

Music Concert Paper

Emily Scott Music Appreciation 28 Feburary 2013 West Michigan contrive Winds Concert On February 24th, I attended the West Michigan Concert Winds Winner and Winds concert. West Michigan Concert Winds is a volunteer group that performs implemental practice of medicine to the community. This supporting players contains a wide range of musical talents from all varied backgrounds. Some members are college students, some teachers. There was also many contemporary or retired band directors apart of the ensemble. They performed all different genres of music from a Sousa march to an Irish wake by A.J. Potter. There was also a apprehension acceptance performance by a local high school junior who was amazing at the clarinet. The first song was titled Fanfare for paragon Cecilia. This piece was composed for Saint Cecilia on a special occasion called Three Countries Day. This is an example like we talked ab verboten in class where a composer had a job of composing music for a certain e vent because prerecorded music wasnt available at that time. The song had a magnificent and sniffy feel to it with many brass heavy parts specifically trumpet.Woodwinds played the accompaniment underneath but were not heard exclusively. Some parts I liked about this piece was the overall excitement that it had and the energy that the ensemble put into it. It was very easy to tell that the instrumentalists enjoyed playing the song. Polka and Fugue from the opera house Schwanda, The Bag Piper was another piece I found fascinating. It was a Chek Folk tale which told the story about the lonely bag piper and his adventures. It started out with the woodwinds playing the theme of a cheery thrill note and triplet.The feel of the music was cheery and you were almost able to hear the story being told. I also enjoyed hearing the Fugue part of the song because that was also something we discussed in class. The fugue was characterized by imitation and variation on the imitation by different sec tions throughout the band. The band also played a Sousa but surprisingly this piece was not a march but a waltz. Although this song was characterized as a waltz, I felt like it had the elements of a march in it like clearly defined beats and ascending and descending full ensemble runs.The music was very bouncy and you could almost picture the dancers waltzing on stage. I was very impressed with the brass section because of their strong tone and intensity. I throughly enjoyed my acquire of listening to The West Michigan Concert winds. I was impressed with the talent of the ensemble and the professional way they looked on stage. They provided a wide variety of music compositions and kept me entertained throughout the concert.

Are our actions truly our own? Essay

What we do, where we walk, how we act and what decisions we take are they guided by our free leaveing or by the hand of fate? Even if we do have free will are we nonpareil hundred percent, truly free or is free will just training wheels carrying us on different paths to our predestined location? If so, we are inherently limited from birth in the aspects of our intelligence, success, and true freedom depending on how binding the shackles of fate truly are. We dirty dogt control circumstances of our birth or generally life-altering things that are out of our control such as a random lightning strike or traffic accident, but perhaps we can control the broader course of our life through our actions. One who trains their body diligently and with supreme effort may set about a famous MMA fighter with a body that the ancient Greeks would marvel at, but what if that persons profession and training were stamped into him at birth? At conception? At the beginning of time itself?Possible, but what if he just made a decision one day and earned it? There scarcely is no way to enjoy, short of speaking with the divinity that has assigned us all our fates if such a being exists. Say we are all prisoners in an inescapable prison of destiny. Perhaps some of us are given the opportunity to control our fates. Perhaps some of us are afforded a preference between the blue pill or the red pill the choice to be a living puppet or to break into our own ordinary order and control our own lives. We will never know.The one thing we may know however, is that we may be given this choice one day, and this gaolbreak in the balance of the universe will afford us enough free will in the situation simply to make the decision between the blue pill and the red pill. We can know in our hearts what our decisions will be when we are handed our destinies and told to take control and become the dominate of our own destinies or release them back into the cosmic wind, and become a simple puppe t once more. I can speak for no one but myself, but I know my answer in my heart. The thought of my life being anything but my own up until this point sickens me. I will not be a puppet,I will not be led forcefully through my destiny by the imperceptible shackles of fate. I will take control of my destiny, steer my own ship I will be the master of my own destiny if the expense is my life because I know the life I led will have truly been mine.

Globalized World Essay

The modern Company has spread its brains its center of excellence. It really is a citizen of some countries rather than a citizen of one. Do you assure with the statement? I agree with the above statement. The above statement truly talks about the globalization and being in the globalized universe. Globalization refers to the increasing oneness of the worlds economic order finished reduction of such barriers to international trade as tariffs, export fees, and import quotas.The goal is to increase temporal wealth, goods, and services through an international division of labor by efficiencies catalyzed by international relations, specialization and competition. It describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become structured through communication, transportation, and trade. Talking about the positive and negative side of globalization, it continues to be divisive subject among political activists, academics, business leaders, and policymakers .Some look at the rapid economic and political changes taking nates around the world and see injustice. Others observe these same changes and see progress. On both sides of the debate, however, much of the discussion takes place among elites. What do average citizens around the world think about the powerful global forces transforming their societies? Survey research suggests that most people embrace the idea of a globalized world, even if cautiously. Globalization had also increased the competition among diametric companies in different countries.People are striving to make their countries better and richer. With globalization, there are chances that the developed countries leave behind take over the developing and underdeveloped countries. It is better to take up measures to meet the needs of everyone in order to live nonviolent and comfortable life. Some people are finding it difficult to cop up with globalization. With the proper use of modern technology, communication can be do easier and there will be more integration of different companies in the world. The movement of people has also become one of the most important things overdue to globalization.In the years companies started recognizing and valuing the workforce. They started considering people as assets to increase the productivity. Hiring competent and qualified employees are thought to be the basic ingredient for growth. E. g. Employees of Microsoft come from various different sectors. An organization is a collection of several human and non-human entities. People are different and vary in their thoughts, views, and opinions. An organization tries to hire the best and competent employees through all across the globe.In an organization we can find employees coming from several cultural and socio-cultural backgrounds. So we can say that it really is a citizen of many countries rather than a citizen of one organized together and working together. This has become possible only due to globaliz ation. Hence we can conclude that organizations who thing that the world is a single global network and thereby understanding the fierce competition, lifestyles and culture of different countries will help them to thrive for excellence and ultimately will lead them to achieve their desired goals.

Implement Person Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care Essay

1.1 Understand someone centered approaches for care and supportPerson centred values is a conjecture developed by Carl Rogers that trusted the innate tendency (known as the actualising tendency) of human beings to find fulfilment of their psycheal potentials. An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of mortalal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with other human beings and a desire to know and be known by other people. It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world and being creative and compassionate. It is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values so that a person feels free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a consanguinity with a person who was deeply understanding (empathic), accepting (having unconditional positive regard) and genuine (congruent).Risk taking com mode be part of a person centred approach as we would choose to put on positive and assured risk taking which would involve building a positive view of the case-by-case, and seeking to hold back what a persons gifts and skills are and what people admire about them. In person centred thinking we also explore the consequences of not taking the risk so that these may be balanced against the consequences of taking the risk. Using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way as this would be constructed by the leaf node with the support of the care actor so that the client has full control over their recovery, instead of the support plan being constructed by the care worker whereby the client feels as if they have no control of their recovery.1.2 Work in a person centred wayIn order to find out the history, preferences, wishes and needfully of an individual I would refer to any previous files held with regards to that person, as well as discussing direct ly with the client what the preferenes etc. of that person are. I use person centred values in everyday working as I am an extremely empathic, accepting and congruent person.1.3 Establishing consent when providing care or support aware consent is important to establish when providing care or support so that the client is fully aware of their responsibilities, any actions that will be taken and the consequences of every taking or not taking a particular action or decision. In UK case law it has been established that consent must be given by a person with mental ability to do so, sufficient information should be given to the individual and they should not be coerced into well-favoured consent, if these are not met then consent is considered to be invalid. The process of establishing informed consent will vary according to individuals assessed capacity to consent.If informed consent can not be readily established then we must abide by the individuals wishes after explaining fully the consequences of not consenting to a certain action. If a person is mentally incapable of providing their consent then we must refer to any care or support plan or legal sustenance that may have been established whilst they were capable of making an informed decision. If none of these are unattached then consent can be given by their next of kin, but we must involve the individual in the process as much as possible. We do however have a handicraft of care to a person, if the persons health and safety is at an immediate risk then certain actions can be taken in order to resist any immediate risk to that person.1.4 Encourage active participationActive participation benefits an individual as it recognises an individuals right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life sentence as independently as possible. The individual is regarded as an active participant in their own care and support rather than a passive recipient. realistic barriers to active particip ation may include, amongst others, the mental or physical disability of an individual.1.5 Support the individuals right to make choicesI would support an individual to make informed choices by expectant the individual full information with regards to the positive and negative effects of any decisions they make and respect their wish to make that decision. I would use agreed risk assessment processes so that the client was fully aware of any risks involved with regards to any decision they make and would also discuss this with my autobus.A workers personal view should not influence an individuals choices as everyone is an individual in their own right and and therefore should be able to make their own choices as their interests would be different to a workers. I would support an individual to question or challenge any decision made by others by giving the individual full information with regards to that decision in an unbiased manner, if the individual wanted to make any changes wi th that decision then I would discuss this with my manager and use agreed risk assessment processes to enable the individual to make those changes.1.6 Promote individuals well-beingIndividual identity and self esteem are associate with well-being as everyone has their own interests and what one person may find interesting another person may not find interesting, for example, if a person is religious and attends church they find that this is part of their identity and promotes their own self esteem as they may feel they are doing their service to God. Another person may not believe in God and find attending church boring, therefore they may feel that they are being pressured into a picture that they disagree with, therefore taking away the psychological identity of an individual.Other aspects relating to well-being may include spiritual, emotional, cultural, social and political. Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individuals well-being include listening to and treating an individuals decision with respect and enabling them to implement these into the everyday life, after giving the individual all information available in an unbiased manner, for example, if an individual decided that they wanted to attend church then no matter what my own opinions on this matter may be, I would help the individual to attend church and if necessary attend church with them.

Indonesian Traditional Music with Modern Music Essay

My name is Heru Sulaksono , Im standing here today because I requisite to verbalize you completely about Indonesian Traditional music call Keroncong . The history of Keroncong music itself was started when the Portugese invaded Indonesia in the 16th century, this music was first introduced by the sailors and the slaves on the portugese ship as known as Fadu. But weakening Influence of the portugese in the 17th century did not conciliate Keroncong disappear from Indonesia. This music just continued to larn in Indonesia. In the early 19th century some Indonesian traditional instruments were introduced and influenced this music like the Seruling and Gamelan.The Golden age of Keroncong Music ended in 1960 due to introduction of rock music to Indonesia . Even with this music beginning to disappear, Keroncong music is still played and listened to but most of the listeners are old peck in Indonesia. But in the 21st century the young generation of Indonesia ,is making many new breakth roughs to save Indonesias traditional music and make it known to the world, for example Bondan Prakoso Ft Fade2Black made a song titled Keroncong Protol, this song combines Keroncong With Rap and Rock the result of this combination is good music that everybody derriere listen to.This type of breakthrough can spare Indonesian traditional music like the Keroncong. So the moral message that I want to tell you about is how the young generation of any country should be working to preserve their countrys traditional music. Every nation has its own traditional music, just like Indonesia, and everywhere in the world traditional music is disappearing. every young generation I think likes modern music mend than traditional music. They think its not cool to sing traditional music or to like traditional music.Hey Its not that bad. f we want to preserve our traditional music it means that our next generation can hear that music. Even if you really like modern music its doesnt mean you cant pr eserve your nations traditional music, because there are so many innovations that can be used to preserve traditional music, like combining traditional music with modern music. This is just one of the innovations, that lets us save our traditional music , so that is the message that I want to tell to all of you, thank you for your attention,wassalamualaikum wr wb good morning.

Competitive Bidding Essay

IntroductionAn open and agonistic procurance part begins with the champions description of its requirements and an invitation to suppliers to indicate their interest in the tackle and their professional capacity to fulfil it. The relay transmitter then identifies potentiality suppliers and invites them to submit bids. After the control phase, most procurement schemes require a familiar declaration of the competitors names and their bid prices and, ultimately, of the successful bidder. There is a wide variety of procurement procedures procurable for use in tendering when it comes to palatopharyngoplasty musical arrangements. M some(prenominal) of these procedures have become prescriptive in nature.Many topical anesthetic political relations follow standard procurement procedures drawn up by the International Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC). However, most commonly PPP contracts atomic number 18 awarded as the result of some form of competitory program li ne procedure. Designing a competitive bidding mold and getting the topper accomplishable result is easiest when the product or attend to undeniable is a fairly standard one and the technical tabuputs can be delineate with commonsensical certainty in the bidding documents. Particular attention, therefore, should be paid to providing good quality information to potential bidders and to the detailed design of the bidding process. Defining the procurement processSome initial decisions need to be made regarding the procurement and the bid valuation process. It includes Qualifying criteria for the evaluation and selection of shortlisted bidders Process for submission and evaluationDetails of pre-submission conference or stiring and of opposite opportunities to ask questions or seek clarifications Indicative procurement scheduleOther general instructions to applicantsApplication forms (as annexes)The choice of procurement method go outinging attend on the governing bodys budget, capacity, desire to encourage innovation, need for high-level inputs, vulnerability to corruption, and objectives of the ppp advise. threesome main options, distinguished by the level of competition they create, argon available1. Unsolicited proposals or unionise negotiations.2. competitive negotiation.3. Competitive bidding.Unsolicited proposals or direct negotiationsWhen confronted with a unsolicited proposal, the government has three options come up to negotiation to the offer.Purchase the run across c oncept then competitively tender among a range of bidders. maintain original proponent a predefined advantage in recognition of the value of the original proposal(bonus system)and open up bidding. Entering into a sole-source process can save government time and money and may alarm system government to an unrealized opportunity for ppp. However, sole-sourcing can encourage corruption through lack of transp arncy, and the cost benefits to competitive bidding are lost. Competitive negotiation.Competitive negotiation entail inviting a small group of bidders to a structured negotiation. The bidders are aware of the presence of the former(a) bidders and there is pressure to obtain the best price. This arrangement is quicker and less expensive than full competitive process and can yield good prices. A time consuming procurement process may be seen as an opportunity cost to the backstage sector. This needs to be weighted against the degree of and value to transparency. 1. Competitive negotiations, a nonher option of competitive bidding which generally involve the following stages The government specifies its wait on objectives, and involves proposals from buck private operators for meeting these objectives. The government re apparent horizons the proposals and selects those that are technically responsive to the request proposals. The government then negotiates contract terms and conditions with the selected bidders. 2. Competitive negotiations may involve concurrent negotiations with the objective of awarding one contract, or they may result in the award of several(prenominal) contracts.3. Competitive negotiations are well suited to project in which technical variations are manageable, there is much celestial orbit for innovation, and it would be difficult to secure project financing on the basis of standardized contract document. Advantages of competitive negotiationsThey permit bidders to be more creative and innovative.They reduce the incentive for bidders to deliberately underbid in inn to win projects. They offer a richer means of screening bidders than price alone.DisadvantagesBids can be difficult to compare. aspiration is less transparent than with competitive bidding.Competitive bidding processA competitive bidding process generally consists of1. in the public eye(predicate) notification of the governments intention to seek a private abetter _or_ abettor for the provision of, for example, water and sanitation receiptss, including prequalification or a request for expressions of interest from private companies2. distribution of bidding documents and draft contracts to potential bidders3. a formal process for screening potential bidders and finalizing a list of dependant bidders4. a formal public process for presenting proposals, evaluating them, and selecting a winner. Different procedures for procurement include invitation to tender and request for proposals (one- and two-stage processes).Formation of a Procurement CommitteeA Procurement Committee, often called a Tender rating Committee, is formed for overseeing and conducting the bidding process. Typically, the Procurement Committee is formed with representatives from a number of MDAs with responsibility for the financial, legal and operative aspects of the project as well as the Bureau/Office of Public Procurement in cabaret to have diversity and no one government group alone in charge of selecting the preferent bidder. The Commi ttee appoints an in-house coordinator or an external consultant (Transaction Advisor) to manage the day-today aspects of the bidding process.However, the Procurement Committee itself (and not the coordinator or Transaction Advisor) is responsible for making the final determination of the preferred bidder. The Procurement Committee, in turn, could be divide into functional teams to focus on evaluation of specific aspects of the bidders proposals. For example, the Procurement Committee could have separate teams for toil technical review, legal review,local preference review and financial review. The number of teams may depend upon the mazyness of the project evaluation. Invitation to tenderGenerally, an invitation to tender is issued when the promoter knows exactly what it wants and how it wants to achieve its goals. Most often, the tender is issued and the lowest bidder is awarded the contract. Although this progression reduces the cost elusive in developing a PPP, it may limit the promoters opportunities to view other, more efficient and/or more cost-effective options for deli genuinely of the service. Request for proposalsA request for proposals (RFP) is normally used when the promoter knows what it wants to achieve, but would like prospective partners to use their experience, technical capabilities and creativity to identify how the project objectives can best be met. whiz of the main differences between an RFP and an invitation to tender is that in an RFP the promoter is spirit for value (that is, operating efficiency, cost-saving measures, innovations and so on), rather than the lowest bid. The request for proposals can be issued through everya one-stage ora two-stage process.The decision between having a single or a two-stage procedure for requesting proposals will depend on the nature of the contract, on how precisely the technical requirements can be defined and whether output results (or performance indicators) are used for selection of the con tractor or concessionaire. If it is deemed both feasible and suited for the spotting authority to formulate performance indicators or project specifications to the degree of precision or conclusiveness necessary, the selection may be structured as a single-stage process. In that case, after having concluded the pre-selection of bidders, the espial authority would proceed directly to issuing a final request for proposals. Request for Expressions of Interest (RFEI)The RFEI is mean to provide the promoter with sufficient information to draft a clear RFP in cases when the local government has identified itsobjectives, but may not have fully defined the project or service to be delivered. The use of an RFEI can assist in two ways it reduces the time and expense involved in evaluating a swelledr number of proposals and it improves the quality of proposals.In this sense, the RFEI is used to gain information to foster in drafting the RFP.Request for Qualifications (RFQ) or Pre-qualif icationA RFQ is used in situations where the promoter and the project team have amore defined project, but do not know if there are any private sector partners with the resources, experience or interest to undertake the project. It is a step within a contract awarding procedure in which the fellowship inviting the tenders selects the companies to participate in competitive bidding for the contract. To this end, potential participants in the competition are requested to submit information on their companies. The RFQ document is more specific than the RFEI document. In traditional government procurement it consists of the verification of certain formal requirements, such as adequate evidence of technical capability or prior experience in the type of PPP, so that all bidders who meet the pre-selection criteria are admitted automatically to the tendering phase.Bidders should be required to demonstrate that they possess the professional and technical qualifications, financial and gen tle resources, equipment and other physical facilities, managerial capacity, reliability and experience necessary to carry out the project. Qualification requirements should expand all phases of an infrastructure project, including financing, management, engineering, construction, operation and maintenance, where appropriate. Based on the pre-qualification results, a shortlist is drawn up of the companies entitled to compete. The bidders answer the RFQ with Expressions of Interest. The RFQ process is used as a shortlisting method to pre-qualify selected potential partners who will then witness the RFP. It is not designed to gain answers as to how the project will be completed. Depending on the pre-qualification requirements come down out in the documents, different groups of companies will be selected.One recent trend is that pre-qualification requirements laid down by promoters such as localgovernments have started to include not only the price and quality of the service they w ish to procure, but to a fault requests to address poverty, upgrade welfare and/or create employment opportunities. much the bidding companies need to prove their recent experience with a previous assignment similar in nature and outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this stage is to enable the contracting authority to formulate its requirements in a expression that enables a final competition to be carried out on the basis of a single set of parameters. Put simply, this is an opportunity to ensure that in the final evaluation, the contracting authority is able to compare apples to apples rather than apples to oranges. Often local small phone linees or community-based organizations are best suited to resolve a grumpy service delivery problem. In such cases, it is important not to leave them out of the bidding process.One of the means through which this can be achieved is to simplify the tender documents. Obviously, pre-qualification, drafted without taking these potential bidders into account, could serve as an obstacle to the effective and innovative solutions to the existing problems. Meanwhile, the pre-qualifications can still be an effective mean pre-define the bidders for the RFP, when the criteria are correctly specified and weighted according to their value to the PPP project. Simplification of tender documentationThe system of tender submission should not require too many forms of supporting information, which could be unnecessarily obscure for small businesses to complete satisfactorily. Besides, the administrative burden for smaller businesses in dealing with tender form requirements for government bodies is dispro mountainately greater and more expensive than for larger companies. Thus, the tender submission of documentation should be rationalized and simplify as far as possible to make it easier for small contractors to deal with the paperwork involved. However, this simplification of the documentation should not influence negatively the essence of t he contract and the contractual obligations. Evaluation of Applications and Shortlisting of BiddersThe applications are evaluated based on the technical and financial capabilities to implement the project as per the selection criteria given inthe RFQ. At this stage, the evaluation normally focuses on threshold criteria such that all proposals meeting the criteria are shortlisted for the next stage and all non-confirming proposals are rejected. A Pass/Fail approach is generally the preferred approach for evaluation of responses to the RFQ. However, a bespeak number (3-5) of shortlisted bidders is usually preferred in order to ensure sufficient competition but not at the same time overcrowd the bidding process, and therefore sometimes only the highest qualifying firms will pass on to the full tender phase. If firms feel there are too many bidders, and thus the odds of winning are low, they will not participate in the full tender. Advantages of competitive biddingIt ensures transpare ncy.It provides a market mechanism for selecting the best proposal. It stimulates interests among a broad range of potential partners. It works best where outputs are standardized and all technical parameters can be clearly defined. It may encourage underbidding if renegotiation is possible later.The contractRegardless of the option selected, the essential elements to be included in a contract are The parties to the agreement,Interpretation, sets forth the definitions of important terms and providing guidance on the interpretation of the contracts provisions The scope, territorial jurisdiction and duration of the agreement, The objective of the contract,Circumstances of commencement, completion, modification and termination of contract The rights and obligations of the contractorThe rights and obligations of the establishmentThe requirement for performance bonds to provide security for Government if the construction and service delivery falls under standards Insurance requirements to provide security for the insurable matters Government warrantiesPrivate sector warrantiesConsequence to a interpolate in lawService quality and performance and maintenance targets and schedules The identification of regulatory authorities if any and the extent of their roles and authority The responsibilities of the contractor and the Government with regard to capital expenditures The form of remuneration of the contractor and how it will be covered, whether from fixed fee, fixed fee plus incentives or another arrangement How key attempts will be allocated and managedThe contractors right and responsibility with regard to passing through or entering public or private property Reporting requirementsProcedures for measuring, monitoring and enforcing performance Procedures for coordinating investment prepResponsibility for environmental liabilitiesProcedures for resolving disputesDelay provisions describing what is and is not an excuse for a delay in construction and operations Force majeure conditions and reactionsProcedures to be followed when both party to the PPP contract wishes to change any material portion of the contract Indemnification shareThe right of each party to any intellectual property brought to the project or created during the project, including the steps to be taken to protect the intellectual property of third parties, such as information technology software manufacturers Conflict of interests and dispute resolutionDescription of the conditions under which either party may terminate the contract, the process to be undertaken in that regard, and the consequences to each party of a termination The circumstances that may permit either the Government or any financial institution to step in to the contract to protect its rights under the PPP contract Consequences of a change in the ownership or key personnel of the private partner Mechanisms whereby the parties to the PPP contract will interact with each other going forward Requirement th at each party comply with all laws pertaining to the project, including obtainable environmental, zoning, planning and other permits Conditions by which public sector employees are employed by the private sector contractor, including any restrictions on termination or redundancies for operational reasons and Conditions precedent describes any conditionsprecedent to be fulfilled by either party before the contract takes effect. This list is illustrative and does not capture every clause required in a contract. The final content of the contract will depend on the project scope, local legal requirement and precedent, and advice of legal advisors. It may include more elements as per demand of situation and surface of the project.CONCLUSIONPPP projects have lately become a popular operation model in public infrastructure development all over the world. Long-term contractual arrangements with PPPs change the traditional roles of the public and private sectors. Public sector bodies become clients and private sector bodies become service providers with a large responsibility of the project in question. PPP projects offer different kinds of benefits to both public and private parties. both(prenominal) partnership parties also have different kinds of goals however, the common goal is that both parties win. As the results in the schoolbookbook show, proactive law becomes relevant in contract law and contracting. Practicing proactive contracting requires more planning of legal relations. The goal is to prevent difficult future situations and avoid problems. Proactive contracting emphasizes contract preparation.That is why, for example, issues and questions concerning lucks, risk management and creative contractual mechanisms play a probative role. In business relations, proactive contracting invites and gathers different professions to participate in a new type of co-operation. A common language has to be found, for example, between the people in companies with techn ical, financial, and legal backgrounds. In this way, it is possible to assess the possible risks and other small contractual questions in the contract preparation phase. A partnership mindset is essential in PPP projects. A client and a project company form the main contractual relationship in terms of PPP projects. In addition to this, for example, a project company has several contracts with subcontractors. These partnerships are complex contractual relationships in which trust plays a big role. Co-operation requires constant care in the form of conference and reciprocal trust to strengthen it. Trust is achieved by the companies and public sector representatives binding themselves to shared goals.Furthermore, once strongtrust has been built and established, firms may enjoy lower costs than those without such trust. In the business context, trust seems to be based partly on economic calculations and partly on the trusting partys basic values as a human being. Each PPP project con sists of several different contracts, so that they are actually a bundle of contracts. These contracts cover, for example, construction, financing, and services. PPP projects are long-run and very complex contractual arrangements which require careful and time-consuming preparation and negotiations. Dozens of different risks exist as well. As regards risks with PPP projects, the proactive way is the only reasonable way to handle and allocate them. This requires investments from the parties. As the results in the text show, changing circumstances play a significant role in long-term contracts and, for instance, in PPP projects in terms of contract law. It is sensible for the parties to prepare for changing circumstances.This requires proactive mindset and actions. In practice, this means that parties have to create flexible contractual mechanisms for contracts so that they can respond to possible changing circumstances in the future. These mechanisms can be, e.g. clauses concerning changes in official regulations and legislation, hardship, renegotiations, and force majeure. As the results in the text show, in Finnish PPP projects and their contractual arrangements, tailored contract clauses, insurances, securities, and guarantees have been used as tools for managing and allocating risks. It has also been noted that the most problematic situations arise when risks are not individualized. Problems also occur when a risk is individualized but the risk-bearing party is not determined. Proactive law and risk management play significant roles in PPP projects. Moreover, tailored contract clauses and mechanisms also have a great significance.

A Crisis in My Life

Oh perfection I retrieve Im liberation to die. Im sorry if this sounds in reality dramatic solely I thumb like Ive been struck by lightning, hit every(prenominal)place the head with a pound and thrown from the top of a buildingThis morning allthing started normally. At seven o clock I was awoken by the sound of the man- hunting piranha (my sis Elle) asking if she could borrow my new Gucci bag for her question and when I sh knocked push through(p)ed back no get your own I was screamed at and lectured ab erupt how inconsiderate I am. I mean who does she study she is, as if Im sacking to let her use my Gucci bag, I judgment she would of got the picture by now that I am neer press release to borrow any of my embarrass to herWhen the man- hunting piranha had finally block I got up and started to blow-dry my hair except subsequently ab off ten minutes she came back into my inhabit again snatched the hairdryer off me and screamed thats mine, as you introduce waste ones time Your Own I dont know whats wrong with her lately, we used to get on so well hardly recently shes be get on with so self obsessed As she left I shouted at her and when I realised that she wasnt listening I screamed gripe really loudly. Seeing as I didnt be possessed of a hairdryer to use I had to use the straightening irons instead which set me back somewhat half(a) an hour.When I had accurate my hair I started to do my make up only to find that my baby had nicked my pink eye shadow and I couldnt get it back because she had locked herself in her inhabit and to make matters worsened she had her crappy old steps album playing full blast so even if I banged on the door and made all the noise in the world she wouldnt be able to attend me. In the end I had to use my white eye shadow which was nearly running out. subsequently I had finished I got dressed ran hatful the stairs, took a fiver off the side and left the house. I didnt have time for breakfast because as per usual I had spent too more than time getting fructify and was late.I met Karen and Carrie at Archway station and I could communicate that they were roiled off with me We talked it over and I told them that it took a lot of time and patience to look as bonnie as me and they incisively laughed. After about half an hour a bus finally came and we arrived at tame about an hour late.When we got into give instruction I had to rush down to the euphony department because I had a micro headphone practice for the forthcoming drill concert. I was sacking through my song and everything was going well, the song sounded great and I was singing all the right nones when in walked a vision that I had only ever examinen in my dreams. Then I noticed that the vision was wearing a condition uniform. This had too be one of the worst twenty-four hourss of my life because this meant that I would see the boy of my dreams every day and this meant that I would have to get up an hour earlier ever y morning so that I would look full perfect.The teacher that he had come in with went over to talk to my music teacher. I tried to avoid eye contact with the Sex God only if I failed and cease up looking straight into his beautiful blue eyes. I couldnt believe my eyes when I see him coming towards me and then he asked me to come down off of the map so that we could talk. It was like a dream come true.This is w here things started to go terribly wrong. As I went to go down the stairs of the wooden leg my legs turned to jelly and I ended up tumbling down the stairs head over heals, then as if things couldnt get any worse I ended up even on vitrine with my knickers showing right in front of the Sex God . He was considerate enough to help me up and we just laughed it off but I tacit felt really chagrined. We talked for a while and he told me that his name was Daniel and he had just moved down to London from Newcastle due(p) to his protoactiniums new job. The teacher that he had come in with called him to go with him down the hall, I walked back towards the stage looking back at Daniel and like the idiot I am I fell flat on my face for the second time.I didnt tell any one about Daniel nor did I tell them about my idiotic behaviour and fortunately I didnt see him again till the end of the day where once again I made a complete fool of my selfWe were walking national when I saw him again he was with a big group of boys and I was dreading walking prehistorical them because I was sure that he would have told them how stupid I had been. When we walked past nothing was express and just as I thought I was in the clear I heard my name macrocosm called. I turned round to see who it was and because I wasnt looking where I was going. I bashed into a lamp post. It turns out that it was Daniel who called me, he came over to me and started talking to me he asked me if I had a boyfriend and of course I had to say no.He then looked at me with his beautiful big blu e eyes and I think he was just about to ask me out when to my horror I heard my tonics voice trading out my name I tried to ignore him but every one was looking at me so grudgingly I turned round. When I turned around my protoactinium blew a candy kiss at me, beckoned me over to the car and called out leave my flyspeck princess alone or Ill hunt you down and toss off you and then to make matters worse I saw him giving Daniel a dirty look. I turned back round to where Daniel was standing before my dad had arrived but Daniel was no biger at that place he was back in the crowd with all the other boys and I could tell that nearly every one in Archway was talking about me.I have never been so embarrassed in all of my life and now to be totally honest it wouldnt perplexity me if Daniel never talks to me again. I made such a fool of myself today what with falling flat on my face twice, bashing into a lamp post and having my dad embarrass me in front of the whole of Archway. Daniel must think Im a right fool Any way Ill keep you posted. fare grind x.x.xFriday declination 1stYoull never guess what my music teacher told me today, Im going to the fame academy house on Monday with my music class and I cant wait I didnt see Daniel today, but I had another argument with Elle this time it was because she had sneakily borrowed my little black dress from Morgan and not only did she get make up all over it but she had split it trying to get out of it. The fat cow I hate her so some(prenominal) I wish she would just die Any way Ive got to go mutes calling me. Chat to you soon.Love Jade x.x.xMonday December fourthSorry I havent wrote all calendar weekend but ive had a really bad stomach. Today has been the best day of my life not only did I go to the fame academy house for a private concert but despite of all that happened last week Daniel asked me out. I am the girlfriend of a Sex GodDaniel came up to me today during break and asked me out I was so happy and to ma ke things even better every girl in civilize fancies Daniel so they are all jealous of me Were going out on Saturday to the cinema and then were going for something to eat. I dont have a clue what to wear I might try and sneak something from the man-hunting piranhas roomThe concert was wicked I even got to take in the stars of fame academy and I got their autographs it was great I love every minute of it. I havent had so much fun in ages and the concert was filmed so we were on television.Ive got to go now because Ive got course work to do. Talk to you soon.Love Jade x.x.xMonday December 4thThe sex God just rang me, Thank fully my mum picked up the phone so Daniel couldnt be scared off. I say this because my mum is really sweet and wouldnt hurt a fly and sightedness as Im a spoilt little mummys girl and she isnt very protective she doesnt mind boys phoning the house.I wasnt expecting it to be Daniel, I thought it was just going to be one of the girls so I got a surprise when I he ard hello gorgeous I couldnt believe it was him, my legs turned to jelly again and I had to hold onto the wall so that I wouldnt fall to the floor. He asked me if I wanted to go out with him side by side(p) week to an Alicia Keys concert so I asked mum and fortunately she tell yes.I dont think Ill be able to sleep tonight, Im to0 excited. Oh I love being the girlfriend of a Sex God Goodnight, chat to you soonLove Jade x.x.xTuesday December 5thSex God didnt come into school today but he came to pick me up after school and he walked me home. When we met outside the school I ran up to him and hugged him and then he kissed me and it was just amazing. We held hands all the way home and he looked even more gorgeous in his own clothes. He was wearing Evisu jeans with a white Evisu t shirt and as we walked down the street all the girls were looking at him and I just unplowed thinking to myself Hes gorgeous and hes all mine Daniel walked me to the end of my road and then he kissed me good goodby and told me he would see me tomorrow. Oh how I love my lifeLove Jade x.x.xWednesday December 6thI hate my sister, I wish she would just die, shes such a bitch Youll never guess what shes at rest(p) and done now she had the cheek to read my diary and then she went and told my dad everything that was in it and now I might not be able to go out with Daniel on Saturday. Ive got to go now because the bitch is coming up the stairs and I want to know why she told my dad about Daniel. bye-byeLove Jade x.x.xFriday December 8thDad said I could go out with Daniel on Saturday. Hurray I cant wait Ive got to go now Ive got loads of homework to do. ByeLove Jade x.x.xSaturday December 9thI have waited for this day for so long and now its finally here I feel sick The day has barely even started and already everything is going wrong I got up at half five this morning and had a shower only to find that some idiot had forgot to leave the hot water on. Then as if things couldnt get any worse on ce again my sister had nicked my pink eye shadow so this meant I had no eye shadow to match my outfit. The next disaster happened when I was blow drying my hair and the hair dryer blew up. My sister is going to kill me when she finds out I have to go now because Ive only got devil hours before I have to meet Daniel. ByeLove Jade x.x.xSunday December 10thI cant believe it despite all of the problems I had yesterday the date actually went wellElle found the hairdryer and she went mad, then she told my dad and now Im not allowed to go to the Alicia Keys concert. I hate her so much If I had the chance I really would kill herLove Jade x.x.xMonday December 11thAt about twelve o clock I got pulled out of class and I was told that I was to go home, I said bye to Daniel and he said he would ring me later and then I went home. When I got home no one was in so I got changed out of my uniform and just watched M.T.V Base. At about half three the phone rang and it was my mum she told me to put s ome of Elles stuff in a bag and wait with it by the door.My mum pulled up about ten minutes later and when I got in the car I asked what was going on, she pretended not to hear me but I knew something was wrong because she looked upset. My mum didnt babble to me for the whole voyage there was just an awkward silence I kept asking her where we were going but she just ignore me. When we stopped we were outside the Whittington hospital, and at introductory I wondered why we were there and then it clicked that we were here to see Elle. I asked my mum what was wrong with her and once again I was ignored .When we got inside we headed towards intensive care and not expecting to get an answer I asked if Elle was going to be O.k., surprisingly my mum answered with a muffled I dont know .When we reached intensive care I saw my dad he was let looseing, this was the first time I had ever seen my dad cry so I knew that something bad had to of happened to ElleI asked my dad all the questions that I had asked my mum but the difference was that this time I actually got some answers .My dad told me that there had been a hit and run accident in Muswell hill and that the victim was Elle. I asked if she was going to be alright and my dad said that they didnt know.I had never seen my sister like this before, she looked so bewildered she had a cast on her leg, a bandage round her head and she was affiliated to loads of tubes. I looked at my sister and thought about what would I do without her and thats when I realised that all of the tubes that were connected to my sister were also connected to a life support machine I thought about what the last thing I had said to her was and then I remembered that the last time we spoke was yesterday when we had an argument. I then tried to think when I last said something nice to her but it was that long ago that I couldnt remember. It was then that I broke down in tears my mum and my dad tried to comfort me but nothing they said could make me feel better, cause all I could think of was that she could die not knowing that I love herIm at home now and mammary gland has just left to go back to the hospital because dad is still there. I dont think Ill be able to sleep tonight .byeLove Jade x.x.xTuesday December 12thI was sitting watch over Elle in the hospital when I realised that I might never get to speak to her again. Mum and dad were outside talking to the doctor so it was just me and Elle. The doctor had told me that she could hear everything I said, so I took the opportunity to tell her that I loved her. When my mum and dad came back into the room they found me leaning over Elle call. I told them that I wanted to stay but they just ignored me and took me home. When I got home I just cried and cried until I had no more tears left to cry then I made myself something to eat and I went and sat in my sisters room just deficiency that she could be there to tell me to get out. At about half five the phone rang but I didnt want to pick it up in case it was my mum or dad pack to tell me that she was dead.At the moment I am sitting on Elles bed. Mum and dad still arent home yet so Im just going to try and go to sleep. ByeLove Jade x.x.xFriday December 15thSorry I havent written in all week but Ive been at the hospital with Elle. She isnt getting any better and the doctors are starting to loose faith. Ive got to go now because Ive got to go to the hospital. ByeLove Jade x.x.xSaturday December 16thWhen I woke up this morning there were two bouquets of flowers don stairs they were both from Daniel one was for me and one was for Elle .Monday December 18thI went back to school today and all day I had people coming up to me telling me how sorry they were. I just couldnt wait for school to finish so that I could just go to the hospital. When school finished Daniel walked me to the hospital gave me a hug then he told me that everything was going to be o.k. but for some actor I didnt believe him.As I made my way towards intensive care I had a feeling that something wasnt right , when I reached the ward I found my mum and dad crying and I knew instantly that something was wrong.I asked what was wrong and my dad told me that they were going to turn off the life support machine. I told them that they couldnt do that because she would die and they told me that the doctor said that they wanted to see if she can breathe for herself. I said that they couldnt do that because if she couldnt breathe then she would die and then I went over to the bed held her hand told her I loved her and began to cry. After about ten minutes the doctor came in and asked my mum and dad to come outside with him. When they came back in my mum was crying again and thats when I knew that I would never see or talk to my sister again.When the doctor returned he told my mum and dad that he would be ready in ten minutes and I screamed and told him to leave us alone, then I started hysterically crying and my mum ca me over to me and hugged me then he left .

Hemmingway’s Lady Brett Ashley

A Womans Torn asunder The eighteenth century novelist Laurence Stern wrote, no body, but he who has felt it, can conceive what a plaguing thing it is to have a mans mind torn asunder by twain projects of equal strength, both obstinately pulling in a contrary direction at the said(prenominal) time. Hemingways Lady Brett Ashley, a divorced socialite, experienced conflicting desires, prompting her to lead an unhappy and disquieted vivification. Brett desired to be a self-reliant muliebrity who had complete control over her own life but others were required to meet her physical and emotional inescapably.Throughout the entire novel, Brett Ashley pushes people away when they jerk off as well as close in order to insure her freedom and power. This conflict alone illuminates Hemingways idea that no one can be entirely independent, occasionally people have to let themselves become vulnerable and let others in. The two painful marriages Brett had already experienced force her in the controlling and independent mentality depicted in the novel one spouse treated her terribly and the other died tragically. Lord Ashley, which Brett was in the process of divorcing in the story, treated her horribly.After the war he became crazy, slept with a gun underneath his pillow and endanger to kill her. Her other husband died dreadfully and painfully from dysentery, scaring her forever. Brett realized in order to never flavour the pain and inferiority again she would never be able to depend on another man, nor could she get close enough to let him hurt her But hitherto, the want for love, physical satisfaction, and emotional fulfillment nonoperational lingered in her mind, creating her clashing outlook.Moving on from her prior marriages, Brett Ashley meets Jake Barnes, the protagonist in The Sun Also Rises. Although Brett loves Jake (as much as she could love anybody), she clearly manipulates him and uses him throughout the story. She plays upon his deep, obvious feelings for her to gain sympathy, unconditional love, and emotional support while windlessness keeping complete control over their relationship. With Jake, she is emotionally fulfilled and still feels independent because she knows she can be with someone else whenever she wants. But still, whenever she starts to feel stronger feelings or Jake, she separates herself and has sex with someone else. For example, when Jake confesses his love for her she dismisses him, and exclaims that he should hook her up with another man, Pedro Romero the beautiful bullfighter. She refuses to let herself recognize the true emotions she feels for Jake since that would make her defenseless. She also denies Jake because of his casualty of the war Jake was go forth impotent. Because of this, Jake and Brett cannot be lovers, and all attempts at a sexually fulfilling relationship are futile.Brett is a passionate, lustful woman who is driven by physical pleasures, something that Jake cannot provide her with. She i ndulges in her passion for sex and control but still seeks true love, with emotional and physical fulfillment. Unconditional love involves putting another beings needs before your own, and not always having control. Brett cannot fulfill her dreams of true love because of her equal need for control and independence. Again, proving Hemingways thought that no one can be completely self-sufficient and still fulfilled (physically and emotionally).

Female Stereotypes in the Media Essay

Persons with Disabilities Media Portrayals of Girls and Women Introduction We all know the stereotypesthe femme fatale, the supermom, the sex kitten, the nasty corporate climber. Whatever the role, television, charter and popular magazines are full of images of women and girls who are typically white, desperately thin, and made up to the hilteven later slaying a gang of vampires or dressing down a Greek legion. Many would retard that some strides allow been made in how the media portray women in film, television and magazines, and that the last 20 days has also seen a growth in the presence and influence of women in media behind the scenes.Nevertheless, female stereotypes fall out to thrive in the media we consume every day. This section of the site provides a snapshot of the issues around the medias portrayal of women and girlsfrom effects on body image and self-identity to ramifications in sports and politics. It looks at the economic interests behind the objectification and eroticization of females by the media as well as efforts to counter negative stereotyping. And it provides the latest articles and studies that explore the ways in which media twain limit and empower women and girls in society.Media Portrayals of Men and Masculinity Introduction When I was born, they looked at me and said What a near(a) boy, what a smart boy, what a strong boy And when you were born, they looked at you and saidWhat a good girl, what a smart girl, what a pretty girl What A Good Boy, The Barenaked Ladies For several decades now, media critics and feminists alike have been examining the role of the media in creating and reinforcing stereotypical representations of women and femininity.But only recently have they expanded the research to roll how the media also construct, inform and reinforce prevalent ideas about men and masculinity. This section addresses the representation of men and masculinity in the media. It covers topics such as media stereotypes, the prev alence of male characters in TV and film, and male authority in media news coverage and it addresses the role that the media play in shaping attitudes about masculinity. The section also provides link up to articles and reports on these topics.Media Portrayals of Gays and Lesbians Introduction Media educators Larry Gross and George Gerbner argue that the media participate in the symbolic annihilation of gays and lesbians by negatively stereotyping them (often consigning themto the margins of entertainment media, playing either colourful and flamboyant characters or dangerous psychopaths), by rarely enactment them realistically, or by not portraying them at all. Gross and Gerbner argue that the commercial structure of the spate media limits the opportunity for representing diverse characters.Too often networks and film companies shy away from portraying gays and lesbians for fear of estrange or offending advertisers, investors, and audiences. This section addresses the portrayal o f gays and lesbians in news, advertising and entertainment media. It also examines homophobia in the media, and provides examples of gay-positive media. Media on Women Images and Influences Its no secret that women compare themselves to the female images they see portrayed on television, film, and advertising.At some(prenominal) the conscious and subconscious level, these media images of women lower self-esteem and affect behavior at every age and dress of life. We know theyre unrealistic, yet they exert pressure on women to conform, and influence how we live, lovemaking, work and play. Oprah Winfrey Talk fancy Host Oprah Changed Face of Television Before Oprah, you had to look a certain way to be on TV. As a pop culture icon and media pioneer, talk show host Oprah has changed the face of television, and women (and men) love her for it.

Infant Mortality: a Case Study

Theresa Curtis Intro to Global Health Case Study Infant fatality rate Each year approximately 10 million babies do not breathe immediately at birth, of which about 6 million require basic neonatal resuscitation. The major burden is in low-in keep down settings, where wellness system capacity to provide neonatal resuscitation is inadequate. Many of these babies die because their birth attendant or angel dust did not know a simple proficiency called neonatal resuscitation. Neonatal resuscitation is important because it is a technique that can and will save a babys life.Birth asphyxia is one of the leading causes of baby mortality, cerebral palsy and mental disabilities worldwide. In this case, we were asked to look at the chinaware Neonatal Resuscitation Program. Why is this course of study important and why was China the country in the most need to realize the platform utilize? The program is important because much than twenty percent of chinese children die from birth asphy xia. In China 17 million children are born every year. And The idea that children have to die because a guard is not channeliseed to resuscitate the child is sad.We, as americans are used to the big medical centers and if something excrete we know that our child will be in good hands. The Key players in bringing rescuscitation to china was the American Academy of pediatrics. The program was first introduced in 1987 and it failed. I guess at the time at that place was not enough funding and of course when something new is introduced in the medical world, doctors or administrators are not quick to accept new techniques. I think of all that children that lost their lives because doctors and nurses were not trained to get by CPR or mechanical cellular respiration.The Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine provided obstetricians and neonatologst. The Chinese Nursing familiarity provided nurses professional education and training in resuscitation. They also included midwives in the training because midwives do not use resuscitation techniques during births. The Freedom of Breath Foundation of life Program was developed to reduce infant mortality rates by ensuring there is at least one skilled neonatal resuscitation provider at every delivery. After five years, that goal has been reached, nd more than 100,000 medical professionals from more than 20 provinces have been trained. In studies conducted by the China Ministry of Health, birth asphyxia mortality declined by 53 percent in 360 hospitals surveyed. (AAP. ORG) The future of the program is different countries being introduced to neonatal resuscitation. If the program worked for china than whose to say, it would not work for other countries. I wanted to research and find what other countries have implemented neonatal resuscitation since China.There is a uniform program in Bangladesh. Before the program was implemented, the traditional way to resuscitate was to hold the baby pinnacle down, slap the bottom o r blow in the babys face. The only suctioning was of the mouth and nose. The chief(prenominal) barriers to effective resuscitation are lack of competent staff and lack of simple equipment. Aga Khan University with UNICEF launched a program to improve resuscitation skills of Physicians, Nurses, and Midwives.I hope that all countries are able to implement a neonatal resuscitation program in the hospitals but also go out into the communities and share the technique with those that give birth at home. It is cognize that many women do not go to medical facilities to give birth. Therefore, there need to be a nurse or midwives that can go out into the village, community, to teach the home nurse how to give puritanical resuscitation. My five-year goal would be that all people know how to administer neonatal resuscitation.Many children are lost because they come out and they are not breathing. However, if more than one attendant knows the procedure more children can be saved. I would all medical personnel trained and re-trained every six months. It is important to maintain skills. In many countries the father is not apart of the birth, and maybe they should be. A male instructor can train and show the father during a home birth how to resuscitate if needed. It can be the difference amidst life and death. Freedom of Breath, Freedom of life Helping babies breathe Designed to train birth attendants in developing countries in the area First to successfully bring neonatal resuscitation to china, in a of new-sprung(a) resuscitation. systematic and sustainable way. Was developed to reduce the infant mortality rate by always having a Has a train the trainer approach.Train the nurses and midwives in the person trained and skilled in neonatal resuscitation at delivery. area of resuscitation before they go into the hospital and train fellow nurses and midwives. Grew to national scale having 190 bear witness instructors and 44,000 Trained 31 facilitators and 102 l earners. however, the majority of practitioners trained participants could not demonstrate mastery of bag and mask ventilation The rate of birth asphyxia declined by more than a third. Providers skills and confidence have increased and more babies are Participants in a program for neonatal resuscitation in surviving. The program is saving lives and improving the wellness of resource-limited settings demonstrated high satisfaction women. References www. aap. org www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov www. jnj. com/giving-breath-to-life www. unicef. org/rosa/newborn